Online Toxicity

会議の名前
CHI 2024
Counterspeakers’ Perspectives: Unveiling Barriers and AI Needs in the Fight against Online Hate
要旨

Counterspeech, i.e., direct responses against hate speech, has become an important tool to address the increasing amount of hate online while avoiding censorship. Although AI has been proposed to help scale up counterspeech efforts, this raises questions of how exactly AI could assist in this process, since counterspeech is a deeply empathetic and agentic process for those involved. In this work, we aim to answer this question, by conducting in-depth interviews with 10 extensively experienced counterspeakers and a large scale public survey with 342 everyday social media users. In participant responses, we identified four main types of barriers and AI needs related to resources, training, impact, and personal harms. However, our results also revealed overarching concerns of authenticity, agency, and functionality in using AI tools for counterspeech. To conclude, we discuss considerations for designing AI assistants that lower counterspeaking barriers without jeopardizing its meaning and purpose.

著者
Jimin Mun
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
Cathy Buerger
Dangerous Speech Project, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
Jenny T. Liang
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
Joshua Garland
Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States
Maarten Sap
Carnegie Mellon Unviersity, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642025

動画
“Vulnerable, Victimized, and Objectified”: Understanding Ableist Hate and Harassment Experienced by Disabled Content Creators on Social Media
要旨

Content creators (e.g., gamers, activists, vloggers) with marginalized identities are at-risk of experiencing hate and harassment. This paper examines the ableist hate and harassment that disabled content creators experience on social media. Through surveys (N=50) and interviews (N=20) with disabled creators, we developed a taxonomy of 11 types of ableist hate and harassment (e.g., eugenics-related speech, denial and stigmatization of accessibility) and outlined how ableism harms creators’ well-being and content creation practices. Using statistical modeling, we investigated differences in ableist experiences given creators’ intersecting identities such as race and sexuality. We found that LGBTQ disabled creators face significantly more ableist hate compared to non-LGBTQ disabled creators. Lastly, we discuss our findings through an infrastructure lens to highlight how disabled creators experience platform-enabled ableism, undergo labor to cope with hate, and develop strategies to safeguard against future hate.

著者
Sharon Heung
Cornell Tech, New York , New York, United States
Lucy Jiang
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
Shiri Azenkot
Cornell Tech, New York, New York, United States
Aditya Vashistha
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3641949

動画
"It’s Not What We Were Trying to Get At, but I Think Maybe It Should Be": Learning How to Do Trauma-Informed Design With a Data Donation Platform for Online Dating Sexual Violence
要旨

A majority of people experience trauma, spurring calls to incorporate trauma-informed approaches (TIA) from public health and social work into technology design. While technologies touted as trauma-informed are starting to propagate the literature, there persists a gap in knowledge around how design teams apply TIA and qualify their technology as adhering to trauma-informed principles. We address this through a 12-month development project with trauma and sexual violence experts to produce Ube, a data donation platform for collecting online dating sexual consent data to improve sexual risk detection AI. Through analysis of design documentation we retrospectively articulate a trauma-informed design process that evolved through the course of Ube’s development, comprising three elements for integrating trauma-informed principles: design goals that adapt the definition of TIA to the application domain, design activities that map to trauma-informed principles, and consequent design choices. We conclude with methodological recommendations to improve trauma-informed design processes.

著者
Wenqi Zheng
Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, United States
Emma Walquist
Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, United States
Isha Datey
Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, United States
Xiangyu Zhou
Computer science, Detroit, Michigan, United States
Kelly Berishaj
Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, United States
Melissa McDonald
Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, United States
Michele Parkhill
Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, United States
Dongxiao Zhu
Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
Douglas Zytko
University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, Michigan, United States
論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642045

動画
"I Got Flagged for Supposed Bullying, Even Though It Was in Response to Someone Harassing Me About My Disability.": A Study of Blind TikTokers’ Content Moderation Experiences
要旨

The Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) community has consistently focused on the experiences of users moderated by social media platforms. Recently, scholars have noticed that moderation practices could perpetuate biases, resulting in the marginalization of user groups undergoing moderation. However, most studies have primarily addressed marginalization related to issues such as racism or sexism, with little attention given to the experiences of people with disabilities. In this paper, we present a study on the moderation experiences of blind users on TikTok, also known as "BlindToker," to address this gap. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 20 BlindTokers and used thematic analysis to analyze the data. Two main themes emerged: BlindTokers' situated content moderation experiences and their reactions to content moderation. We reported on the lack of accessibility on TikTok's platform, contributing to the moderation and marginalization of BlindTokers. Additionally, we discovered instances of harassment from trolls that prompted BlindTokers to respond with harsh language, triggering further moderation. We discussed these findings in the context of the literature on moderation, marginalization, and transformative justice, seeking solutions to address such issues.

著者
Yao Lyu
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
Jie Cai
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
Anisa Callis
Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, United States
Kelley Cotter
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
John M.. Carroll
Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States
論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642148

動画
Malicious Selling Strategies in Livestream E-commerce: A Case Study of Alibaba’s Taobao and ByteDance’s TikTok
要旨

Due to the limitations imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, customers have shifted their shopping patterns from offline to online. Livestream shopping has become popular as one of the online shopping media. However, various streamers’ malicious selling behaviors have been reported. In this research, we sought to explore streamers’ malicious selling strategies and understand how viewers perceive these strategies. First, we recorded 40 livestream shopping sessions from two popular livestream platforms in China—Taobao, and TikTok. We identified 16 malicious selling strategies that were used to deceive, coerce, or manipulate viewers and found that platform designs enhanced nine of the malicious selling strategies. Second, through an interview study with 13 viewers, we report three challenges of overcoming malicious selling in relation to imbalanced power between viewers, streamers, and the platforms. We conclude by discussing the policy and design implications of countering malicious selling.

著者
Qunfang Wu
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
Yisi Sang
Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States
Dakuo Wang
Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Zhicong Lu
City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
動画