Workers, Work Practices and AI

会議の名前
CHI 2024
The Role of Inclusion, Control, and Ownership in Workplace AI-Mediated Communication
要旨

Given large language models' (LLMs) increasing integration into workplace software, it is important to examine how biases in the models may impact workers. For example, stylistic biases in the language suggested by LLMs may cause feelings of alienation and result in increased labor for individuals or groups whose style does not match. We examine how such writer-style bias impacts inclusion, control, and ownership over the work when co-writing with LLMs. In an online experiment, participants wrote hypothetical job promotion requests using either hesitant or self-assured autocomplete suggestions from an LLM and reported their subsequent perceptions. We found that the style of the AI model did not impact perceived inclusion. However, individuals with higher perceived inclusion did perceive greater agency and ownership, an effect more strongly impacting participants of minoritized genders. Feelings of inclusion mitigated a loss of control and agency when accepting more AI suggestions.

著者
Kowe Kadoma
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
Marianne Aubin Le Quere
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
Xiyu Jenny. Fu
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
Christin Munsch
University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States
Danaë Metaxa
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Mor Naaman
Cornell Tech, New York, New York, United States
論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642650

動画
“There is a Job Prepared for Me Here”: Understanding How Short Video and Live-streaming Platforms Empower Ageing Job Seekers in China
要旨

In recent years, the global unemployment rate has remained persistently high. Compounding this issue, the ageing population in China often encounters additional challenges in finding employment due to prevalent age discrimination in daily life. However, with the advent of social media, there has been a rise in the popularity of short videos and live-streams for recruiting ageing workers. To better understand the motivations of ageing job seekers to engage with these video-based recruitment methods and to explore the extent to which such platforms can empower them, we conducted an interview-based study with ageing job seekers who have had exposure to these short recruitment videos and live-streaming channels. Our findings reveal that these platforms can provide a job-seeking choice that is particularly friendly to ageing job seekers, effectively improving their disadvantaged situation.

著者
PiaoHong Wang
City University Of HongKong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Siying Hu
City University Of HongKong, HongKong, Hong Kong
Bo Wen
University of Macau, Macau, Macao
Zhicong Lu
City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642959

動画
Deconstructing the Veneer of Simplicity: Co-Designing Introductory Generative AI Workshops with Local Entrepreneurs
要旨

Generative AI platforms and features are permeating many aspects of work. Entrepreneurs from lean economies in particular are well positioned to outsource tasks to generative AI given limited resources. In this paper, we work to address a growing disparity in use of these technologies by building on a four-year partnership with a local entrepreneurial hub dedicated to equity in tech and entrepreneurship. Together, we co-designed an interactive workshops series aimed to onboard local entrepreneurs to generative AI platforms. Alongside four community-driven and iterative workshops with entrepreneurs across five months, we conducted interviews with 15 local entrepreneurs and community providers. We detail the importance of communal and supportive exposure to generative AI tools for local entrepreneurs, scaffolding actionable use (and supporting non-use), demystifying generative AI technologies by emphasizing entrepreneurial power, while simultaneously deconstructing the veneer of simplicity to address the many operational skills needed for successful application.

著者
Yasmine Kotturi
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
Angel Anderson
Community Forge, Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania, United States
Glenn Ford
Community Forge, Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania, United States
Michael Skirpan
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
Jeffrey P. Bigham
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642191

動画
How Do Data Analysts Respond to AI Assistance? A Wizard-of-Oz Study
要旨

Data analysis is challenging as analysts must navigate nuanced decisions that may yield divergent conclusions. AI assistants have the potential to support analysts in planning their analyses, enabling more robust decision making. Though AI-based assistants that target code execution (e.g., Github Copilot) have received significant attention, limited research addresses assistance for both analysis execution and planning. In this work, we characterize helpful planning suggestions and their impacts on analysts’ workflows. We first review the analysis planning literature and crowd-sourced analysis studies to categorize suggestion content. We then conduct a Wizard-of-Oz study (n=13) to observe analysts’ preferences and reactions to planning assistance in a realistic scenario. Our findings highlight subtleties in contextual factors that impact suggestion helpfulness, emphasizing design implications for supporting different abstractions of assistance, forms of initiative, increased engagement, and alignment of goals between analysts and assistants.

著者
Ken Gu
Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
Madeleine Grunde-McLaughlin
Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
Andrew M. McNutt
Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
Jeffrey Heer
University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
Tim Althoff
Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3641891

動画
Building Knowledge through Action: Considerations for Machine Learning in the Workplace
要旨

Innovations in machine learning are enabling organisational knowledge bases to be automatically generated from working people’s activities. The potential for these to shift the ways in which knowledge is produced and shared raises questions about what types of knowledge might be inferred from working people’s actions, how these can be used to support work, and what the broader ramifications of this might be. This paper draws on findings from studies of (i) collaborative actions, and (ii) knowledge actions, to explore how these actions might (i) inform automatically generated knowledge bases, and (ii) be better supported through technological innovation. We triangulate findings to develop a framework of actions that are performed as part of everyday work, and use this to explore how mining those actions could result in knowledge being explicitly and implicitly contributed to a knowledge base. We draw on these possibilities to highlight implications and considerations for responsible design.

著者
Siân Lindley
Microsoft Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Denise J. Wilkins
Microsoft, London, United Kingdom
動画