Reflexions

会議の名前
CHI 2023
Unmaking as Emancipation: Lessons and Reflections from Luddism
要旨

Emancipation is fundamentally a work of unmaking, as it entails undermining, dissolving, and undoing oppressive structures. This paper offers an account of a frequently misunderstood unmaking movement, Luddism. The Luddites were a loosely organized collective of nineteenth century English textile makers who destroyed machines that were replacing their skilled labor and leading to deteriorating working conditions. In this account, we show that the goals and tactics of Luddism have significant alignments with current HCI work in the areas of unmaking and social justice. Through articulation of six characteristics of unmaking in Luddism - practical and symbolic, community-engaged, emancipatory, selective, antagonistic, and enduring - we identify potential limits and opportunities in HCI research and design practice, as currently construed. In doing so, we build upon and extend prior HCI research to suggest unmaking as emancipation, a new category of unmaking around issues of social justice.

著者
Samar Sabie
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Robert Soden
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Steven Jackson
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
Tapan Parikh
Cornell Tech, New York, New York, United States
論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581412

動画
Expressiveness, Cost, and Collectivism: How the Design of Preference Languages Shapes Participation in Algorithmic Decision-Making
要旨

Emerging methods for participatory algorithm design have proposed collecting and aggregating individual stakeholders’ preferences to create algorithmic systems that account for those stakeholders’ values. Drawing on two years of research across two public school districts in the United States, we study how families and school districts use students’ preferences for schools to meet their goals in the context of algorithmic student assignment systems. We find that the design of the preference language, i.e. the structure in which participants must express their needs and goals to the decision-maker, shapes the opportunities for meaningful participation. We define three properties of preference languages – expressiveness, cost, and collectivism – and discuss how these factors shape who is able to participate, and the extent to which they are able to effectively communicate their needs to the decision-maker. Reflecting on these findings, we offer implications and paths forward for researchers and practitioners who are considering applying a preference-based model for participation in algorithmic decision making.

著者
Samantha Robertson
University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
Tonya Nguyen
University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
Cathy Hu
University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
Catherine Albiston
University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
Afshin Nikzad
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
Niloufar Salehi
UC, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States
論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3580996

動画
Translation as (Re)mediation: How Ethnic Community-Based Organizations Negotiate Legitimacy
要旨

Ethnic community-based organizations (CBOs) play an essential role in supporting the wellbeing of immigrants and refugees. CBO workers often act as linguistic and cultural translators between communities, government, and health and social service systems. However, resource constraints, technological barriers, and pressures to be data-driven require workers to perform additional forms of translation to ensure their organizations' survival. Drawing on 16 interviews with members of 7 Asian American and Pacific Islander CBOs, we examine opportunities and barriers concerning their technology-mediated work practices. We identify two circumstances where CBO workers perform translation: (1) as legitimacy work to build trust with funders and communities, and (2) as (re)mediation in attending to technological barriers and resisting hegemonic systems that treat their communities as “other.” By unpacking the politics of translation work across these sites, we position CBO workers as a critical source for HCI research and practice as it seeks to support community wellbeing.

著者
Cella M. Sum
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
Anh-Ton Tran
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
Jessica Lin
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
Rachel Kuo
University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, United States
Cynthia L. Bennett
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
Christina Harrington
Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
Sarah E. Fox
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581280

動画
Different Together: Design for Radical Placemaking
要旨

This work responds to isolating urban places, and contributes new ways for thinking about placemaking. Progressing through autoethnography and prototyping, we critique design proposals with Lefebvre’s theory of utopia. There inhabitants can enjoy and shape their place together without risking depletion of their abilities and motivations to do so. The critique produces political sensibilities that help us make sense of common tensions among inhabitants, landowners, and visitors, and generate possible responses. The critique process itself illustrates how designing through critique with theory can help us think in new ways. This paper contributes a display of how design with critical theory can happen, ultimately to support our abilities and motivations to envision and make places of social flourishing that can respond to our socio-environmental crises.

著者
Andreas Almqvist
University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
Anders Hedman
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
Adrian K. Clear
University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
Rob Comber
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581080

動画
Steering Stories. Confronting Narratives of Driving Automation through Contestational Artifacts
要旨

In this paper, we problematize popular narratives of driving automation. Whether positive or negative, these propagate simplistic assumptions about human abilities and reinforce technocratic approaches to mobility innovation. We build on narrative approaches to participatory research and adversarial design, to explore how design-led confrontation can create opportunities for reflection on implicit assumptions and narratives that stakeholders may refer to when discussing and making decisions about automated driving technologies. Specifically, we discuss the results of four focus groups where we used contestational artifacts to promote critical discussions and confront taken-for-granted beliefs among stakeholders. We reflect on the results to distill methodological insight and design recommendations for conducting adversarial participatory design research as a way towards confronting dominant narratives. Together with the methodological approach, the main contribution of this work, we also provide a set of narrative tensions that can be used to question common beliefs surrounding automated driving futures.

著者
Maria Luce Lupetti
Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
Luciano Cavalcante Siebert
Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
David Abbink
Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581194

動画
"That's important, but...": How Computer Science Researchers Anticipate Unintended Consequences of Their Research Innovations
要旨

Computer science research has led to many breakthrough innovations but has also been scrutinized for enabling technology that has negative, unintended consequences for society. Given the increasing discussions of ethics in the news and among researchers, we interviewed 20 researchers in various CS sub-disciplines to identify whether and how they consider potential unintended consequences of their research innovations. We show that considering unintended consequences is generally seen as important but rarely practiced. Principal barriers are a lack of formal process and strategy as well as the academic practice that prioritizes fast progress and publications. Drawing on these findings, we discuss approaches to support researchers in routinely considering unintended consequences, from bringing diverse perspectives through community participation to increasing incentives to investigate potential consequences. We intend for our work to pave the way for routine explorations of the societal implications of technological innovations before, during, and after the research process.

著者
Kimberly Do
Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Rock Yuren. Pang
University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
Jiachen Jiang
Microsoft, Redmond, Washington, United States
Katharina Reinecke
University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581347

動画