Data for Productivity

会議の名前
CHI 2023
How Instructional Data Physicalization Fosters Reflection in Personal Informatics
要旨

The ever-increasing number of devices quantifying our lives offers a perspective of high awareness of one's wellbeing, yet it remains a challenge for personal informatics (PI) to effectively support data-based reflection. Effective reflection is recognised as a key factor for PI technologies to foster wellbeing. Here, we investigate whether building tangible representations of health data can offer engaging and reflective experiences. We conducted a between-subjects study where n=60 participants explored their immediate blood pressure data in relation to medical norms. They either used a standard mobile app, built a data representation from LEGO bricks based on instructions, or completed a free-form brick build. We found that building with instructions fostered more comparison and using bricks fostered focused attention. The free-form condition required extra time to complete, and lacked usability. Our work shows that designing instructional physicalisation experiences for PI is a means of improving engagement and understanding of personal data.

著者
Marit Bentvelzen
Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
Julia Dominiak
Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
Jasmin Niess
University of St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
Frederique Henraat
Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
Paweł W. Woźniak
Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581198

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CatAlyst: Domain-Extensible Intervention for Preventing Task Procrastination Using Large Generative Models
要旨

CatAlyst uses generative models to help workers’ progress by influencing their task engagement instead of directly contributing to their task outputs. It prompts distracted workers to resume their tasks by generating a continuation of their work and presenting it as an intervention that is more context-aware than conventional (predetermined) feedback. The prompt can function by drawing their interest and lowering the hurdle for resumption even when the generated continuation is insufficient to substitute their work, while recent human-AI collaboration research aiming at work substitution depends on a stable high accuracy. This frees CatAlyst from domain-specific model-tuning and makes it applicable to various tasks. Our studies involving writing and slide-editing tasks demonstrated CatAlyst’s effectiveness in helping workers swiftly resume tasks with a lowered cognitive load. The results suggest a new form of human-AI collaboration where large generative models publicly available but imperfect for each individual domain can contribute to workers’ digital well-being.

著者
Riku Arakawa
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
Hiromu Yakura
University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Masataka Goto
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581133

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Maintainers of Stability: The Labor of China’s Data-Driven Governance and Dynamic Zero-COVID
要旨

This paper examines the social, technological, and emotional labor of maintaining China’s data-driven governance broadly, and dynamic zero-COVID management in particular. Drawing on ethnographic research in China, we examine the sociotechnical work of maintenance during the 2022 Shanghai lockdown. This labor included coordinating mass testing, quarantine, and lockdown procedures as well as implementing ad-hoc technological workarounds and managing public sentiments. We demonstrate that, far from being effected from the top down, China’s data-driven governance relies on the circumscribed participation of citizens. During Shanghai’s lockdown, citizens with relevant expertise helped to maintain technological stability by fixing or programming data systems, but also to ensure the ongoing production of “positive feelings” about social stability through data-driven governance. In so doing, such citizens simultaneously enacted an ambivalent and limited form of agency, and maintained social and by extension political stability. This article sheds light on data-driven governance and political processes of maintenance.

著者
Yuchen Chen
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
Yuling Sun
East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
Silvia Lindtner
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581299

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Old Logics, New Technologies: Producing a Managed Workforce on On-Demand Service Platforms
要旨

We examine how two prominent food delivery platforms in India, Swiggy and Zomato, produce a managed digital workforce using a combination of algorithmic control and traditional labor management strategies. Our findings draw from interviews conducted with 13 food delivery workers and a critical discourse analysis of news media coverage. We found that the two platforms combine piece wage restructuring, granular datafication practices, and the use of benevolent language as neoliberal social control mechanisms. We find that this combination of technological governance and strategic managerial practices is a mutually constitutive method of control that restructures labor processes, extracts workers’ compliance and consent, and prevents work disruption. We show that contemporary platform companies draw from strategies that have historically been deployed in industrial labor management. By examining how older and newer regimes of social control and exploitation are strategically intertwined in contemporary platform design, we contribute a historically situated understanding of platform labor that moves beyond dualistic interpretations of “traditional” labor management practices and more recent algorithmic modes of control. Our findings contribute to recent debates in tech labor and algorithmic control by examining how contemporary conditions of precarious work reactivate certain past forms of control and in doing so normalize extreme overwork, exhaustion, speedups, and injuries.

著者
Anubha Singh
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
Patricia Garcia
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
Silvia Lindtner
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581240

動画
Speech-Augmented Cone-of-Vision for Exploratory Data Analysis
要旨

Mutual awareness of visual attention is crucial for successful collaboration. Previous research has explored various ways to represent visual attention, such as field-of-view visualizations and cursor visualizations based on eye-tracking, but these methods have limitations. Verbal communication is often utilized as a complementary strategy to overcome such disadvantages. This paper proposes a novel method that combines verbal communication with the Cone of Vision to improve gaze inference and mutual awareness in VR. We conducted a within-group study with pairs of participants who performed a collaborative analysis of data visualizations in VR. We found that our proposed method provides a better approximation of eye gaze than the approximation provided by head direction. Furthermore, we release the first collaborative head, eyes, and verbal behaviour dataset. The results of this study provide a foundation for investigating the potential of verbal communication as a tool for enhancing visual cues for joint attention.

著者
Riccardo Bovo
Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
Daniele Giunchi
University College London, London, United Kingdom
Ludwig Sidenmark
Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
Joshua Newn
Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire, United Kingdom
Hans Gellersen
Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Enrico Costanza
UCL Interaction Centre, London, United Kingdom
Thomas Heinis
Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3581283

動画
QButterfly: Lightweight Survey Extension for Online User-Interaction Studies for Non-Tech-Savvy Researchers
要旨

We provide a user-friendly, flexible, and lightweight open-source HCI toolkit (github.com/QButterfly) that allows non-tech-savvy researchers to conduct online user interaction studies using the widespread Qualtrics and LimeSurvey platforms. These platforms already provide rich functionality (e.g., for experiments or usability tests) and therefore lend themselves to an extension to display stimulus web pages and record clickstreams. The toolkit consists of a survey template with embedded JavaScript, a JavaScript library embedded in the HTML web pages, and scripts to analyze the collected data. No special programming skills are required to set up a study or match survey data and user interaction data after data collection. We empirically validated the software in a laboratory and a field study. We conclude that this extension, even in its preliminary version, has the potential to make online user interaction studies (e.g., with crowdsourced participants) accessible to a broader range of researchers.

著者
Nico Ebert
ZHAW School of Management and Law, Winterthur, Zurich, Switzerland
Björn Scheppler
ZHAW School of Management and Law, Winterthur, Switzerland
Kurt Alexander. Ackermann
ZHAW School of Management and Law, Winterthur, Zurich, Switzerland
Tim Geppert
Institut für Wirtschaftsinformatik, Winterthur, Switzerland
論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3544548.3580780

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