Tech for Specific Situations

[A] Paper Room 13, 2021-05-10 17:00:00~2021-05-10 19:00:00 / [B] Paper Room 13, 2021-05-11 01:00:00~2021-05-11 03:00:00 / [C] Paper Room 13, 2021-05-11 09:00:00~2021-05-11 11:00:00

会議の名前
CHI 2021
Money Whispers: Informality, International Politics, and Immigration in Transnational Finance
要旨

While the growth of financial technologies (FinTech) is making the flow of money faster, easier, and more secure, such technologies are often unable to serve many countries due to the global political environment. Despite its severe impact, this issue has remained understudied in the HCI literature. We address this gap by presenting our findings from a three-month-long ethnography with the Iranian community in Toronto, Canada. We present their struggles in transferring money to and from their home country - a process that entails financial loss, fear, uncertainty, and privacy breaches. We also outline the informal workarounds that allow this community to circumvent these challenges, along with the associated hassles. This paper contributes to broadening the scope of FinTech in the HCI literature by connecting it with the politics surrounding transnational transactions. We discuss the design implications of our findings and their contribution to the broader interests of HCI in mobilities and social justice.

著者
Yasaman Rohanifar
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Priyank Chandra
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Ataur Rahman
Backbase, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Syed Ishtiaque Ahmed
University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
DOI

10.1145/3411764.3445065

論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445065

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"Everyone wants to do the model work, not the data work": Data Cascades in High-Stakes AI
要旨

AI models are increasingly applied in high-stakes domains like health and conservation. Data quality carries an elevated significance in high-stakes AI due to its heightened downstream impact, impacting predictions like cancer detection, wildlife poaching, and loan allocations. Paradoxically, data is the most under-valued and de-glamorised aspect of AI. In this paper, we report on data practices in high-stakes AI, from interviews with 53 AI practitioners in India, East and West African countries, and USA. We define, identify, and present empirical evidence on Data Cascades---compounding events causing negative, downstream effects from data issues---triggered by conventional AI/ML practices that undervalue data quality. Data cascades are pervasive (92\% prevalence), invisible, delayed, but often avoidable. We discuss HCI opportunities in designing and incentivizing data excellence as a first-class citizen of AI, resulting in safer and more robust systems for all.

受賞
Best Paper
著者
Nithya Sambasivan
Google Research, San Francisco, California, United States
Shivani Kapania
Google Research India, Bangalore, India
Hannah Highfill
Google Inc., Mountain View, California, United States
Diana Akrong
Google Research Accra, Accra, Ghana
Praveen Paritosh
Google, San Francisco, California, United States
Lora M. Aroyo
Google, New York, New York, United States
DOI

10.1145/3411764.3445518

論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445518

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Head-Worn Displays for Emergency Medical Services Staff: Properties of Prehospital Work, Use Cases, and Design Considerations
要旨

Head-worn displays (HWDs) offer their users high mobility, hands-free operation, and “see-what-I-see” features. In the prehospital environment, emergency medical services (EMS) staff could benefit from the unique characteristics of HWDs. We conducted a field study to analyze work practices of EMS staff and the potential of HWDs to support their activities. Based on our observations and the comments of EMS staff, we propose three use cases for HWDs in the prehospital environment. They are (1) enhanced communication between different care providers, (2) hands-free access to clinical monitoring and imaging, (3) and improved realism of training scenarios. We conclude with a set of design considerations and suggest that for the successful implementation of HWDs in EMS environments, researchers, designers, and clinical stakeholders should consider the harsh outdoor environment in which HWDs will be used, the extensive workload of staff, the complex collaboration performed, privacy requirements, and the high variability of work.

著者
Paul Schlosser
The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
Ben Matthews
University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
Isaac Salisbury
The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
Penelope Sanderson
The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
Sass Hayes
Retrieval Services Queensland, Kedron, Queensland, Australia
DOI

10.1145/3411764.3445614

論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445614

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“We Just Use What They Give Us”: Understanding Passenger User Perspectives in Smart Homes
要旨

With a plethora of off-the-shelf smart home devices available commercially, people are increasingly taking a do-it-yourself approach to configuring their smart homes. While this allows for customization, users responsible for smart home configuration often end up with more control over the devices than other household members.This separates those who introduce new functionality to the smart home (pilot users) from those who do not (passenger users). To investigate the prevalence and impact of pilot-passenger user relationships, we conducted a Mechanical Turk survey and a series of one-hour interviews. Our results suggest that pilot-passenger relationships are common in multi-user households and shape how people form habits around devices. We find from interview data that smart homes reflect the values of their pilot users, making it harder for passenger users to incorporate their devices into daily life. We conclude the paper with design recommendations to improve passenger and pilot user experience.

受賞
Honorable Mention
著者
Vinay Koshy
University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, United States
Joon Sung Park
Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States
Ti-Chung Cheng
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
Karrie Karahalios
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
DOI

10.1145/3411764.3445598

論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445598

動画
Exploring the Use of a Voice-based Conversational Agent to Empower Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder
要旨

Voice-based Conversational Agents (VCA) have served as personal assistants that support individuals with special needs. Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may also benefit from VCAs to deal with their everyday needs and challenges, ranging from self-care to social communications. In this study, we explored how VCAs could encourage adolescents with ASD in navigating various aspects of their daily lives through the two-week use of VCAs and a series of participatory design workshops. Our findings demonstrated that VCAs could be an engaging, empowering, emancipating tool that supports adolescents with ASD to address their needs, personalities, and expectations, such as promoting self-care skills, regulating negative emotions, and practicing conversational skills. We propose implications of using off-the-shelf technologies as a personal assistant to ASD users in Assistive Technology design. We suggest design implications for promoting positive opportunities while mitigating the remaining challenges of VCAs for adolescents with ASD.

著者
Inha Cha
KAIST, Daejeon, Korea, Republic of
Sung-In Kim
Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
Hwajung Hong
Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
Heejung Yoo
Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea, Republic of
Youn-kyung Lim
KAIST, Daejeon, Korea, Republic of
DOI

10.1145/3411764.3445116

論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445116

動画
Teachers' Perceptions around Digital Games for Children in Low-resource Schools for the Blind
要旨

Most children who are blind live in low-resource settings and attend schools that have poor technical infrastructure, overburdened teachers, and outdated curriculum. Our work explores the role digital games can play to develop digital skills of such children in the early grades. Recognizing the critical role of teachers in introducing children to technology, we conducted a mixed-methods study to examine which attributes of digital games teachers find useful for children and what challenges they perceive in integrating digital games in schools for the blind. Our findings indicate that teachers prefer games that align well with curriculum objectives, promote learning, improve soft skills, and increase engagement with computers. Despite being overburdened and lacking technological support, teachers expressed strong enthusiasm to integrate these games in school curriculum and schedule. We conclude by discussing design implications for designers of accessible games in low-resource settings.

著者
Gesu India
Microsoft Research , Bangalore, India
Vidhya Y
Vision Empower, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Aishwarya O
Vision Empower Trust, Bangalore, India
Nirmalendu Diwakar
Microsoft Research, Bangalore, India
Mohit Jain
Microsoft Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Aditya Vashistha
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
Manohar Swaminathan
Microsoft Research, Bangalore, India
DOI

10.1145/3411764.3445194

論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445194

動画
"Beyond 3D printers": Understanding Digital Fabrication Practices for the Education of Visually Impaired or Blind Youth
要旨

Disability professionals could use digital fabrication tools to provide customised assistive technologies or accessible media beneficial to the education of Blind or visually impaired youth. However, there is little documentation of long-term practices with these tools by professionals in this field, limiting our ability to support their work. We report on such practices in a French organisation, providing disability educational services and using digital fabrication since 2013, for six years. We trace how professionals defined how digital fabrication could and should be used through a range of projects, based on pedagogical uses and the constraints in creation, production and maintenance. We outline new research perspectives going beyond 3D printers and its promises of automation to embrace hybrid approaches currently supported by laser cutters, the learning and documentation process, and the production of accessible tactile media at a regional or national scale.

受賞
Honorable Mention
著者
Emeline Brulé
University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
Gilles Bailly
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ISIR, Paris, France
DOI

10.1145/3411764.3445403

論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445403

動画
Rethinking the Runway: Using Avant-Garde Fashion To Design a System for Wearables
要旨

Technology has become increasingly pervasive in the creative and experimental environment of the avant-garde fashion runway, particularly in relation to its garments. However, several disciplines are often necessary when exploring technologies for the construction of expressive garments (e.g. garments that respond to their environment), creating a barrier for fashion designers that has limited their ability to leverage new technologies. To help overcome this barrier, we designed and deployed Brookdale, a prototyping system for wearable technology consisting of new plug-and-play hardware that can be programmed using drag-and-drop software. Brookdale was created using a 24-week participatory design process with 17 novice fashion-tech designers. At the end of the 24 week process, designers showcased their Brookdale-enhanced garment collections at an avant-garde fashion-tech runway show in New York City. We report on the experiences, outcomes, and lessons learned throughout this process, and describe results from interviews with the fashion-tech designers 16 weeks after the fashion show, demonstrating the lasting positive impact of Brookdale.

受賞
Honorable Mention
著者
Teddy Seyed
Microsoft Research, Redmond, Washington, United States
James Devine
Microsoft Research, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
Joe Finney
Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire, United Kingdom
Michał Moskal
Microsoft Research, Redmond, Washington, United States
Peli de Halleux
Microsoft Research, Redmond, Washington, United States
Steve Hodges
Microsoft Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Thomas Ball
Microsoft, Redmond, Washington, United States
Asta Roseway
Microsoft Research, Redmond, Washington, United States
DOI

10.1145/3411764.3445643

論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445643

動画
“Money makes the world go around”: Identifying Barriers to Better Privacy in Children's Apps From Developers' Perspectives
要旨

The industry for children’s apps is thriving at the cost of children’s privacy: these apps routinely disclose children’s data to multiple data trackers and ad networks. As children spend increasing time online, such exposure accumulates to long-term privacy risks. In this paper, we used a mixed-methods approach to investigate why this is happening and how developers might change their practices. We base our analysis against 5 leading data protection frameworks that set out requirements and recommendations for data collection in children's apps. To understand developers' perspectives and constraints, we conducted 134 surveys and 20 semi-structured interviews with popular Android children’s app developers. Our analysis revealed that developers largely respect children’s best interests; however, they have to make compromises due to limited monetisation options, perceived harmlessness of certain third-party libraries, and lack of availability of design guidelines. We identified concrete approaches and directions for future research to help overcome these barriers.

著者
Anirudh Ekambaranathan
University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
Jun Zhao
University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
Max Van Kleek
University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
DOI

10.1145/3411764.3445599

論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445599

動画
The Complexity of Indoor Air Quality Forecasting and the Simplicity of Interacting with It – A Case Study of 1007 Office Meetings
要旨

Repeated exposure to poor air quality in indoor environments such as office, home, and classroom can have substantial adverse effects on our health and productivity. The problem is especially recognized in closed indoor spaces shared by several people. We have studied the evolution of carbon dioxide level in office-meeting spaces, during 1007 meeting sessions. The collected data is employed to examine machine learning models aimed to indicate the CO2 evolution pattern and to forecast when fresh air should be supplied. In addition, to gain insight into the relations and interdependencies of social factors in meetings that may influence the users' perception of an interactive solution, we have conducted a series of online surveys. Building on the results of the two studies, a solution is proposed that predicts the evolution of air quality in naturally-ventilated meeting rooms and engages the users in preventive actions when risk is forecast.

著者
Sailin Zhong
Human-IST, Fribourg, Switzerland
Hamed Alavi
University of Fribourg, Lausanne, Switzerland
Denis Lalanne
University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
DOI

10.1145/3411764.3445524

論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445524

動画
Financial Technologies in the Cycle of Poor Mental Health and Financial Hardship: Towards Financial Citizenship
要旨

It is well documented that people living with mental health conditions are more likely to experience financial difficulties. When explaining this association, emphasis has often been placed on financial capability, i.e. the capacity of those living with poor mental health to manage their money. This paper challenges such capability-based explanations by reporting on a diary study and interviews with 14 people who self-identify as living with a mental health condition. We focused on their experiences of financial technology use, and explored the role technology played in their strategies to minimise the impact of mental health on their economic circumstances. Rather than lacking capability, participants’ practices revealed shortcomings of existing financial technologies and how they sought to work around these. We conclude by providing a set of design directions for technologies that engage those living with poor mental health not as vulnerable targets for financial inclusion, but as full financial citizens.

著者
Belén Barros Pena
Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
Bailey Kursar
Touco, London, United Kingdom
Rachel E. Clarke
Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
Katie Alpin
Money and Mental Health Policy Institute, London, United Kingdom
Merlyn Holkar
Money and Mental Health Policy Institute, London, United Kingdom
John Vines
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
DOI

10.1145/3411764.3445251

論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445251

動画
A Right Time to Give: Beyond Saving Time in Automated Conditional Donations
要旨

Smart Donations is a blockchain-based platform that offers users ‘contracts’ that donate funds to certain causes in response to real-world events e.g., whenever an earthquake is detected or an activist tweets about refugees. We designed Smart donations with Oxfam Australia, trialed it for 8-weeks with 86 people, recorded platform analytics and qualitatively analysed questionnaires and interviews about user experiences. Temporal qualities emerge when automation enforces conditions that contributed to participants’ awareness of events that are usually unconscious, and senses of immediacy in contributing to crisis response and ongoing involvement in situations far-away while awaiting conditions to be met. We suggest data-driven automation can reveal diverse temporal registers, in real-world phenomena, sociality, morality, and everyday life, which contributes to experiencing a ‘right time’ to donate that is not limited to productivity or efficiency. Thus, we recommend a sensitivity to right time in designing for multiple temporalities in FinTech more generally.

著者
Nicola J. Bidwell
International University of Management, Windhoek, Namibia
Chris Elsden
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Ludwig Trotter
Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire, United Kingdom
Joshua Hallwright
Oxfam Australia, Melbourne, Australia
Mike Harding
Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
Kate Jeite-Delbridge
Oxfam Australia, Melbourne, Australia
Sadie Moore
Oxfam Australia, Melbourne, Australia
Peter Shaw
Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
Nigel Davies
Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
Chris Speed
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
John Vines
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
DOI

10.1145/3411764.3445371

論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445371

動画
Making Sense of Complex Running Metrics Using a Modified Running Shoe
要旨

Running is a widely popular physical activity that offers many health benefits. As runners progress with their training, understanding one's own body becomes a key concern in achieving wellbeing through running. While extensive bodily sensing opportunities exist for runners, understanding complex sensor data is a challenge. In this paper, we investigate how data from shoe-worn sensors can be visualised to empower runners to improve their technique. We designed GraFeet-an augmented running shoe that visualises kinesiological data about the runner's feet and gait. We compared our prototype with a standard sensor dashboard in a user study where users ran with the sensor and analysed the generated data after the run. GraFeet was perceived as more usable; producing more insights and less confusion in the users. Based on our inquiry, we contribute findings about using data from body-worn sensors to support physically active individuals.

著者
Paweł W. Woźniak
Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
Monika Zbytniewska
ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Francisco Kiss
University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
Jasmin Niess
University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
DOI

10.1145/3411764.3445506

論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445506

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