Decision making

Paper session

会議の名前
CHI 2020
Keeping Community in the Loop: Understanding Wikipedia Stakeholder Values for Machine Learning-Based Systems
要旨

On Wikipedia, sophisticated algorithmic tools are used to assess the quality of edits and take corrective actions. However, algorithms can fail to solve the problems they were designed for if they conflict with the values of communities who use them. In this study, we take a Value-Sensitive Algorithm Design approach to understanding a community-created and -maintained machine learning-based algorithm called the Objective Revision Evaluation System (ORES)---a quality prediction system used in numerous Wikipedia applications and contexts. Five major values converged across stakeholder groups that ORES (and its dependent applications) should: (1) reduce the effort of community maintenance, (2) maintain human judgement as the final authority, (3) support differing peoples' differing workflows, (4) encourage positive engagement with diverse editor groups, and (5) establish trustworthiness of people and algorithms within the community. We reveal tensions between these values and discuss implications for future research to improve algorithms like ORES.

受賞
Honorable Mention
キーワード
Wikipedia
Peer Production
Value Sensitive Algorithm Design
Machine Learning
ORES
Community Values
著者
C. Estelle Smith
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Bowen Yu
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Anjali Srivastava
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Aaron Halfaker
Wikimedia Foundation, San Francisco, CA, USA
Loren Terveen
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Haiyi Zhu
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
DOI

10.1145/3313831.3376783

論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376783

Would you do it? Enacting Moral Dilemmas in Virtual Reality for Understanding Ethical Decision-Making
要旨

A moral dilemma is a decision-making paradox without unambiguously acceptable or preferable options. This paper investigates if and how the virtual enactment of two renowned moral dilemmas---the Trolley and the Mad Bomber---influence decision-making when compared with mentally visualizing such situations. We conducted two user studies with two gender-balanced samples of 60 participants in total that compared between paper-based and virtual-reality (VR) conditions, while simulating 5 distinct scenarios for the Trolley dilemma, and 4 storyline scenarios for the Mad Bomber's dilemma. Our findings suggest that the VR enactment of moral dilemmas further fosters utilitarian decision-making, while it amplifies biases such as sparing juveniles and seeking retribution. Ultimately, we theorize that the VR enactment of renowned moral dilemmas can yield ecologically-valid data for training future Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems on ethical decision-making, and we elicit early design principles for the training of such systems.

キーワード
Ethics
moral dilemmas
VR
decision-making
ethical AI
著者
Evangelos Niforatos
Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
Adam Palma
Robert Bosch, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Rep
Roman Gluszny
Solarwinds, Brno, Czech Rep
athanasios vourvopoulos
Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Portugal
Fotis Liarokapis
Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Rep
DOI

10.1145/3313831.3376788

論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376788

From Creating Spaces for Civic Discourse to Creating Resources for Action
要旨

In this paper, we investigate the role of technology to address the concerns of a civil society group carrying out community-level consultation on the allocation of £1 million of community funds. We explore issues of devolved decision-making through the evaluation of a sociodigital system designed to foster deliberative virtues. We describe the ways in which this group used our system in their consultation practices. Our findings highlight how they adopted our technology to privilege specific forms of expression, ascertain issues in their community, make use of and make sense of community data, and create resources for action within their existing practices. Based on related fieldwork we discuss the impacts of structuring and configuring tools for 'talk-based' consultation in order to turn attention to the potential pitfalls and prospects for designing civic technologies that create resources for action for civil society.

キーワード
Digital Civics
civic technology
civil society
sociodigital systems
civic participation
deliberation
著者
Ian G. Johnson
Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
Dalya Al-Shahrabi
Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
John Vines
Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
DOI

10.1145/3313831.3376464

論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376464

Too Much Information: Questioning Security in a Post-Digital Society
要旨

Whilst user- and people-centered design are accepted routes for digital services, they are less commonly used in the design of technologies that control access to data and the security of information. The ubiquity of both technology and programmes such as "digital by default" as well as the weaving of digital systems into the everyday fabric of society, create an environment in which people and technology become enmeshed. Such an environment might be termed "post-digital" and its security is dependent on a people-centered approach to its design. In this paper we present a study that uses critical design techniques coupled with critical security analysis to examine how security might be approached in a post-digital context. We call for a paradigm shift towards a people-centered security practice and using a case study then make practical recommendations as to how this shift might be achieved.

キーワード
post-digital
post-digital security
lived experience
critical security design
著者
Lizzie Coles-Kemp
Royal Holloway University of London, London, United Kingdom
Rikke Bjerg Jensen
Royal Holloway University of London, London, United Kingdom
Claude P. R. Heath
Royal Holloway University of London, London, United Kingdom
DOI

10.1145/3313831.3376214

論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376214

Place-Based Policymaking and HCI: Opportunities and Challenges for Technology Design
要旨

There has been a growing interest in HCI in designing and developing technology to support democratic participation, particularly in the domain of urban planning or place-based research. In addition, the HCI field has increasingly considered the intersection of HCI and policymaking to understand how our research can have a broader impact. In this paper, we report on a series of workshops with citizens and city planners to explore place-based policymaking through the case study of neighbourhood planning in the UK. Our analysis highlights the tensions, opportunities and challenges faced by citizens in creating policy. Drawing from our findings, we stress the need for HCI to be actively involved in supporting, innovating and (re)designing civic policymaking processes while emphasising design considerations for the development of technological tools.

キーワード
Policymaking
digital civics
citizen participation
著者
Jennifer Manuel
Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
Clara Crivellaro
Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
DOI

10.1145/3313831.3376158

論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376158