The ambiguity surrounding `creepy technology' in HCI poses significant challenges, as its interpretation varies considerably based on research focus. While it is often linked to the aesthetics of robots and concerns about personal data privacy and security, it is increasingly associated with functionality, unpredictability, and appropriateness. Clarifying this ambiguity is vital for designers, as design choices impact user experience and trust in technology. To address this, we undertook a systematic review of 115 papers based on content, identifying key themes related to design choices and contextual elements of creepiness. Through this review, we developed the \emph{Creepiness Framework}, which comprises two main components: the \emph{Structure of Creepiness} and \emph{Felt Creepiness}. The framework offers better understanding of the dynamics in creepy technology. Additionally, we provide insights into creepiness features that can assist in developing technologies that are more predictable and less likely to evoke unintended feelings of creepiness.
ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems