Heart rate is a key vital sign for cardiovascular health and fitness. However, the photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors that monitor heart rate in wearables struggle with accuracy during motion. Our day-long in-the-wild study shows Fitbit measures valid heart rates only 54.88% of the time. To address this, we developed PPG Earring, which measures 14 mm in diameter, weighs 2.0 g, and offers 21 hours of continuous sensing. Our eight-user exercise study shows that PPG Earring captures valid heart rate data for 91.74% of the time during exercise and 86.29% of our day-long in-the-wild study. All participants found the PPG Earring as comfortable as their regular earrings, and most participants expressed a strong willingness to wear the PPG Earring all the time every day. Our results validate the signal quality and comfort level of the PPG Earring, highlighting its potential as a daily health monitoring device.
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3706598.3713856
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