Neurological Considerations

会議の名前
CHI 2025
Involvement of Autistic Adults in the Participatory Design of Technology: A Scoping Review
要旨

Research in HCI and autism has become more focused on involving autistic adults in technological design. In this paper, we present the results of a scoping review analysis of 11 projects across 18 papers that focused on including autistic adults in the design of technology that impacts their lives. This paper contributes a deeper understanding of how autistic adults were involved in participatory design processes. Our findings reveal mixed positions on how the lived autistic perspective was harnessed to direct the application of topics and technologies chosen. Most projects employed infrastructures to enhance participation (e.g., providing multiple modes to participate or employing a tailored methodology). We pose future opportunities for autistic involvement, for example, in topics and technologies where autistic research is employed (e.g., autism diagnosis and machine learning), reviewing the importance of formal diagnosis for inclusion, and harnessing the multiple expertise of autistic adults.

著者
Laura Maye
University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
Nicolai Brodersen. Hansen
Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
DOI

10.1145/3706598.3713961

論文URL

https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3706598.3713961

動画
Reimagining Support: Exploring Autistic Individuals' Visions for AI in Coping with Negative Self-Talk
要旨

Autistic individuals often experience negative self-talk (NST), leading to increased anxiety and depression. While therapy is recommended, it presents challenges for many autistic individuals. Meanwhile, a growing number are turning to large language models (LLMs) for mental health support. To understand how autistic individuals perceive AI's role in coping with NST, we surveyed 200 autistic adults and interviewed practitioners. We also analyzed LLM responses to participants' hypothetical prompts about their NST. Our findings show that participants view LLMs as useful for managing NST by identifying and reframing negative thoughts. Both participants and practitioners recognize AI's potential to support therapy and emotional expression. Participants also expressed concerns about LLMs' understanding of neurodivergent thought patterns, particularly due to the neurotypical bias of LLMs. Practitioners critiqued LLMs' responses as overly wordy, vague, and overwhelming. This study contributes to the growing research on AI-assisted mental health support, with specific insights for supporting the autistic community.

著者
Buse Carik
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
Victoria V. Izaac
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
Xiaohan Ding
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
Angela Scarpa
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
Eugenia H. Rho
Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States
DOI

10.1145/3706598.3714287

論文URL

https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3706598.3714287

動画
"As an Autistic Person Myself:" The Bias Paradox Around Autism in LLMs
要旨

Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, used by over 200 million people monthly, are increasingly applied in disability contexts, including autism research. However, there has been limited exploration of the potential biases these models hold about autistic people. To explore what biases ChatGPT demonstrates about autistic people, we prompted GPT-3.5 to create three personas, choose one to be autistic, and explain its reasoning for this choice and any suggested changes to the persona description. Our quantitative analysis of the chosen personas indicates that gender and profession influenced GPT's choices. Additionally, our qualitative analysis revealed ChatGPT's tendency to highlight the importance of representation while simultaneously perpetuating mostly negative biases about autistic people, illustrating a "bias paradox," a concept adapted from feminist studies. By applying this concept to LLMs, we provide a lens through which researchers might identify, understand, and address fundamental challenges in the development of responsible and inclusive AI.

著者
Sohyeon Park
University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States
Aehong Min
University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States
Jesus Armando. Beltran
California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
Gillian R. Hayes
University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States
DOI

10.1145/3706598.3713420

論文URL

https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3706598.3713420

動画
Towards Neuroqueer Spatial Justice: A Critical Literature Review of Public Space Technologies for Neurodivergent Populations
要旨

Access to public spaces is of the utmost importance for social cohesion, inclusion, and civic engagement. Nevertheless, a large majority of public spaces remain incredibly uncomfortable environments for neurodivergent individuals due to, for instance, the unpredictability of such spaces and the sensory stimuli within them. Smart City technologies present an exciting opportunity to improve the accessibility and enjoyment of the spaces where they are deployed by, for instance, offering users the ability to customise a space to their specific sensory needs. However, the research topic of public space technologies for neurodivergent individuals remains scattered and sparsely documented. This critical review analyses the existing domains of inquiry, contributing a theoretical framework based on Spatial Justice and Neuroqueer Technoscience and suggests future research avenues informed by this framework. We advocate for the participatory co-creation of a neurodivergent-affirming landscape of public space technologies that both support neurodivergent needs and promote neurodivergent joy.

受賞
Honorable Mention
著者
Patricia Piedade
University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
Anna R. L.. Carter
Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
Rui Prada
Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
Hugo Nicolau
University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
DOI

10.1145/3706598.3713539

論文URL

https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3706598.3713539

動画
"Ultimately, it's a matter of safety, and resisting ostracization": Understanding Neurodivergent Masking with Online Communities
要旨

Neurotypical modes of existence and interaction are enforced through traditional social norms, compelling individuals who diverge from these norms, such as those who are neurodivergent, to conform through ``masking.'' Technology research and design often also ascribe to these conventional norms, creating technology that reinforces neurodivergent people's need to mask. In this research, we turn to neurodivergent communities online to develop an understanding of masking behaviors. We adopt a two-tiered research approach consisting of a qualitative thematic analysis of TikTok videos and a survey questionnaire. Through this work, we initiate discussion on the complexities of neurodivergent masking as a pervasive social adaptation. We urge HCI researchers to critically reframe intervention design and research practices that may either perpetuate or seek to address masking.

著者
Kritika Kritika
University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States
Rua Mae. Williams
Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States
Kathryn E.. Ringland
University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, United States
DOI

10.1145/3706598.3714094

論文URL

https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3706598.3714094

動画
Working Together Toward Interdependence: Chatbot-Based Support for Balanced Social Interactions Between Neurodivergent and Neurotypical Individuals
要旨

While many technologies have been developed for facilitating interaction between neurodivergent and neurotypical people to bridge communication differences and reduce social exclusion, most focus on supporting and teaching neurodivergent people to adapt to neurotypical standards and norms. To promote a more balanced approach to bridging the social gap, we conducted a 5-day diary study and semi-structured interviews with 16 participants (8 neurotypical and 8 with intellectual disability) to examine the current factors and barriers to their social interactions and to explore the design of social support chatbot systems. Our findings revealed diverging views between the groups on factors they valued in their interaction, and identified social uncertainty and differing social expectations as the main barriers to successful interactions. Based on the results, we outline three pitfalls that social support chatbots can fall into if not designed mindfully, and suggest design approaches that promote bidirectional social support and interdependence.

著者
Ha-Kyung Kong
Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, United States
Rachel Lowy
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
Youjin Choi
Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea, Republic of
Jennifer G. Kim
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
DOI

10.1145/3706598.3713344

論文URL

https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3706598.3713344

動画
"It Helps Us Express Our Feelings Without Having To Say Anything": Exploring Accompanying Social Play Things Designed With and For Neurodiverse Groups of Children
要旨

Social play is crucial for children's well-being and development. However, many social play technologies fail to address the specific characteristics and needs of neurodiverse play and often overlook divergent play styles. To address this, we first conducted a co-design study with a neurodiverse group of 7 children (Age 7-8) and, based on insights from these sessions, then developed a prototype, ChromaConnect, that allowed children to express their play style to one another during play. To evaluate ChromaConnect's ability to support neurodiverse social play in different contexts, we observed children using it in both structured and unstructured play settings. Our findings show that ChromaConnect enabled children to create a common language of play, made divergent play modes more visible, and facilitated explicit expression of social play initiation. We discuss how these findings could be used to design `accompanying social play things' that are more inclusive of neurodiverse play characteristics and divergent play styles.

受賞
Best Paper
著者
Brooke Morris
University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
Hayati Havlucu
University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
Alison Oldfield
University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
Oussama Metatla
University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
DOI

10.1145/3706598.3713738

論文URL

https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3706598.3713738

動画