Design reflections & methods

Paper session

会議の名前
CHI 2020
Expanding Modes of Reflection in Design Futuring
要旨

Design futuring approaches, such as speculative design, design fiction and others, seek to (re)envision futures and explore alternatives. As design futuring becomes established in HCI design research, there is an opportunity to expand and develop these approaches. To that end, by reflecting on our own research and examining related work, we contribute five modes of reflection. These modes concern formgiving, temporality, researcher positionality, real-world engagement, and knowledge production. We illustrate the value of each mode through careful analysis of selected design exemplars and provide questions to interrogate the practice of design futuring. Each reflective mode offers productive resources for design practitioners and researchers to articulate their work, generate new directions for their work, and analyze their own and others' work.

キーワード
Design futuring
futures-oriented design
speculative design
research through design
futures
design methods
著者
Sandjar Kozubaev
Geogria Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
Chris Elsden
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Noura Howell
University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
Marie Louise Juul Søndergaard
KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
Nick Merrill
University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
Britta Schulte
University College London, London, United Kingdom
Richmond Y. Wong
University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
DOI

10.1145/3313831.3376526

論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376526

Metaprobes, Metaphysical Workshops and Sketchy Philosophy
要旨

The intersection of philosophy and HCI is a longstanding site of interest for the field that has been attracting special attention in recent years. In this paper, we present metaphysical probes (Metaprobes) as a tool for design-led philosophical inquiry. A Metaprobe is a design artifact used to study a metaphysical idea without concealing the philosophical tools mobilized by the designers or the designerly knowledge attained after deployment. We introduce the concept of a Metaphysical Workshop. This is the set of sketchy philosophical notions that a designer mobilizes in order to research a philosophical idea through design. We then present a case study that comprises: the philosophical issue under examination, the Metaprobes designed to study it, the metaphysical workshop used and the designerly insight produced. We conclude with a discussion of the potentials and weaknesses of Metaprobes in relation to other critical and speculative research-through-design practices. We aim to provide one way to make philosophies already present in design more explicit and make other philosophical concepts relevant to HCI more accessible and workable for designers.

キーワード
Research Through Design
Philosophy
Design Fiction
Cultural Probes
Research Fiction
Ontology
Metaphysics
著者
Enrique Encinas
Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Abigail C. Durrant
Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
Robb Mitchell
University of Southern Denmark, Kolding, Denmark
Mark Blythe
Northumbria University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
DOI

10.1145/3313831.3376453

論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376453

Next Steps for Human-Computer Integration
要旨

Human-Computer Integration (HInt) is an emerging paradigm in which computational and human systems are closely interwoven. Integrating computers with the human body is not new. however, we believe that with rapid technological advancements, increasing real-world deployments, and growing ethical and societal implications, it is critical to identify an agenda for future research. We present a set of challenges for HInt research, formulated over the course of a five-day workshop consisting of 29 experts who have designed, deployed and studied HInt systems. This agenda aims to guide researchers in a structured way towards a more coordinated and conscientious future of human-computer integration.

キーワード
Integration
augmentation
cyborg
implants
bodily extension
fusion
symbiosis
著者
Florian Floyd Mueller
Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Pedro Lopes
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
Paul Strohmeier
University of Copenhagen & Saarland University, Copenhagen, Denmark
Wendy Ju
Cornell Tech, New York, NY, USA
Caitlyn Seim
Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Martin Weigel
Honda Research Institute Europe, Offenbach am Main, Germany
Suranga Nanayakkara
University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Marianna Obrist
University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
Zhuying Li
Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Joseph Delfa
Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Jun Nishida
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
Elizabeth M. Gerber
Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
Dag Svanaes
NTNU, Norwegian University of Scienc, Norway
Jonathan Grudin
Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA
Stefan Greuter
Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Kai Kunze
Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
Thomas Erickson
Unaffiliated, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Steven Greenspan
CA Technologies, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Masahiko Inami
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Joe Marshall
University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, United Kingdom
Harald Reiterer
University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
Katrin Wolf
Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, Hamburg, Germany
Jochen Meyer
OFFIS - Institute for Information Technology, Oldenburg, Germany
Thecla Schiphorst
Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Dakuo Wang
IBM Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
Pattie Maes
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
DOI

10.1145/3313831.3376242

論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376242

On Being Iterated: The Affective Demands of Design Participation
要旨

Iteration is a central feature of most HCI design methods, creating as it does opportunities for engagements with stakeholder groups. But what does iteration demand of those groups? Under what conditions do iterative engagements arise, and with what stakes? Building on experiences with Aboriginal Australian communities, and drawing on feminist and decolonial thinking, we examine the nature of iteration for HCI and how it frames encounters between design and use, with a focus on the affective dimension of engagement in iterative design processes.

受賞
Best Paper
キーワード
Participation
iteration
user-centered design
cultural computing
feminist theory
postcolonial theory
decolonial theory
著者
Paul Dourish
University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
Christopher Lawrence
University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Tuck Wah Leong
University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Greg Wadley
University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
DOI

10.1145/3313831.3376545

論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376545

Towards an AI-powered Future that Works for Vocational Workers
要旨

The future of work is speculated to undergo profound change with increased automation. Predictable jobs are projected to face high susceptibility to technological developments. Many economies in Global South are built around outsourcing and manual labour, facing a risk of job insecurity. In this paper, we examine the perceptions and practices around automated futures of work among a population that is highly vulnerable to algorithms and robots entering rule-based and manual domains: vocational technicians. We present results from participatory action research with 38 vocational technician students of low socio-economic status in Bangalore, India. Our findings show that technicians were unfamiliar with the growth of automation, but upon learning about it, articulated an emic vision for a future of work in-line with their value systems. Participants felt excluded by current technological platforms for skilling and job-seeking. We present opportunities for technology industry and policy makers to build a future of work for vulnerable communities.

キーワード
Future of work
India
Vocational technicians
AI
Automation
Policy
Algorithmic Fairness
Skills
HCI4D
著者
Divy Thakkar
Google Research, Bangalore, India
Neha Kumar
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
Nithya Sambasivan
Google Research, Seattle, WA, USA
DOI

10.1145/3313831.3376674

論文URL

https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376674